Comprehensive analysis of power transformers: from classification to structure, mastering all key knowledge in one article
Transformer, this stationary electrical equipment, is essentially a motor with zero rotational speed. In the power system, it plays a crucial role by efficiently transmitting electrical energy from the primary side to the secondary side through the conversion of electromagnetic energy, and adjusting the voltage according to the needs of transmission and distribution. This critical role makes transformers indispensable throughout the entire process of electricity production, transmission, and distribution. It is worth mentioning that the capacity of transformers in the entire power system often exceeds three times the capacity of generators.
In the process of voltage transformation, the transformer cleverly achieves the difference in voltage and current on both sides at the same frequency. Following the law of conservation of energy, the changes in current and voltage are opposite on both sides, meaning that when the voltage of a circuit on one side increases, the current on that side will inevitably decrease. However, it should be clarified that transformers cannot change the "quantity" of electrical energy. They consume some energy during the power conversion process, so the total input energy is equal to the sum of the output energy and the energy consumed by the transformer itself. Thanks to its non rotating design, the transformer has no mechanical losses during operation, and the energy-saving measures of the new product make its work efficiency extremely high. The efficiency of small and medium-sized transformers can reach over 95%, and the efficiency of large capacity transformers is also over 80%.
